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Steel MakingProtective Screens For FurnacesWorkmen needlessly exposed to the flames, heat and glare from... Lathe And Planer Tools TO FORGE.--Gently warm the steel to remove any chill is parti... Composition And Properties Of Steel It is a remarkable fact that one can look through a dozen tex... Classifications Of Steel Among makers and sellers, carbon tool-steels are classed by g... Chrome-nickel Steel Forging heat of chrome-nickel steel depends very largely on ... Uses Of The Various Tempers Of Carbon Tool Steel DIE TEMPER.--No. 3: All kinds of dies for deep stamping, pres... The Modern Hardening Room A hardening room of today means a very different place from ... Pyrometers For Molten Metal Pyrometers for molten metal are connected to portable thermoc... Sulphur SULPHUR is another element (symbol S) which is always found i... A Chromium-cobalt Steel The Latrobe Steel Company make a high-speed steel without tun... Quality And Structure The quality of high-speed steel is dependent to a very great ... Tungsten Tungsten, as an alloy in steel, has been known and used for a... Blending The Compound Essentially, this consists of the sturdy, power-driven separa... An Automatic Temperature Control Pyrometer Automatic temperature control instruments are similar to the ... Heating Of Manganese Steel Another form of heat-treating furnace is that which is used ... Effects Of Proper Annealing Proper annealing of low-carbon steels causes a complete solu... Carbon In Tool Steel Carbon tool steel, or tool steel as it is commonly called, us... Open Hearth Process The open hearth furnace consists of a big brick room with a l... Heat-treating Equipment And Methods For Mass Production The heat-treating department of the Brown-Lipe-Chapin Company... The Effect Of Tempering On Water-quenched Gages The following information has been supplied by Automatic and ... |
Hardening OperationCategory: HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL Hardening a gear is accomplished as follows: The gear is taken from the furnace by the furnaceman and placed in the lower die, surrounding the centering jaws, as shown at H in Fig. 62 and C in Fig. 63. Air is then turned into the cylinder D, and the piston rod E, the die carrier B, the top die F and the expander G descend. The pilot H enters a hole in the center of the lower die, and the expander G enters the centering jaws I, causing them to expand and center the gear C in the lower die. On further advance of the piston rod E, the expander G is forced upward against the pressure of the springs J and the upper die F comes in contact with the upper surface of the gear. Further downward movement of the dies, which now clamp the work securely, overcomes the resistance of the pressure weight K (which normally keeps up the plunger A), and the gear is submerged in the oil. The quenching oil is circulated through a cooling system outside the building and enters the tempering machine through the inlet pipe L. When the machine is in the position shown, the oil passes out through the ports M in the lower plunger to the outer reservoir N, passing to the cooling system by way of the overflow O. When the lower plunger A is forced downward, the ports M are automatically closed and the cool quenching oil from the inlet pipe L, having no other means of escape, passes through the holes in the lower die and the grooves in the upper, circulating in contact with the surfaces of the gear and passes to the overflow. When the air pressure is released, the counterweights return the parts to the positions shown in Fig. 63, and the operator removes the gear. The gear comes out uniformly hard all over and of the same degree of hardness as when tempered in an open tank. The output of the machine depends on the amount of metal to be cooled, but will average from 8 to 16 per hour. Each machine is served by one man, two furnaces being required to heat the work. A slight excess of oil is used in the firing of the furnaces to give a reducing atmosphere and to avoid scale. Next: Carburizing Low-carbon Sleeves Previous: Temperature Recording And Regulation
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