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Steel MakingShort Method Of TreatmentIn the new method, the packed pots are run into the case-har... Leeds And Northrup Optical Pyrometer The principles of this very popular method of measuring tempe... Preventing Carburizing By Copper-plating Copper-plating has been found effective and must have a thick... Highly Stressed Parts The highly stressed parts on the Liberty engine consisted of ... Standard Analysis The selection of a standard analysis by the manufacturer is t... Manganese Manganese adds considerably to the tensile strength of steel,... Introduction Of Carbon The matter to which these notes are primarily directed is the... Tool Or Crucible Steel Crucible steel can be annealed either in muffled furnace or b... Sulphur Sulphur is another impurity and high sulphur is even a greate... Steel Can Be Worked Cold As noted above, steel can be worked cold, as in the case of ... Fatigue Tests It has been known for fifty years that a beam or rod would fa... Blending The Compound Essentially, this consists of the sturdy, power-driven separa... Annealing Alloy Steel The term alloy steel, from the steel maker's point of view, r... Ebbw Vale And The Bessemer Process After his British Association address in August 1856, Besseme... Instructions For Working High-speed Steel Owing to the wide variations in the composition of high-speed... Effect Of Different Carburizing Material [Illustrations: FIGS. 33 to 37.] Each of these different p... Heat-treating Equipment And Methods For Mass Production The heat-treating department of the Brown-Lipe-Chapin Company... Furnace Data In order to give definite information concerning furnaces, fu... Process Of Carburizing Carburizing imparts a shell of high-carbon content to a low-... Vanadium Vanadium has a very marked effect upon alloy steels rich in c... |
Complete Calibration Of PyrometersCategory: PYROMETRY AND PYROMETERS For the complete calibration of a thermo-couple of unknown electromotive force, the new couple may be checked against a standard instrument, placing the two bare couples side by side in a suitable tube and taking frequent readings over the range of temperatures desired. If only one instrument, such as a millivoltmeter, is available, and there is no standard couple at hand, the new couple may be calibrated over a wide range of temperatures by the use of the following standards: Water, boiling point 212 deg.F. Tin, under charcoal, freezing point 450 deg.F. Lead, under charcoal, freezing point 621 deg.F. Zinc, under charcoal, freezing point 786 deg.F. Sulphur, boiling point 832 deg.F. Aluminum, under charcoal, freezing point 1,216 deg.F. Sodium chloride (salt), freezing point 1,474 deg.F. Potassium sulphate, freezing point 1,958 deg.F. A good practice is to make one pyrometer a standard; calibrate it frequently by the melting-point-of-salt method, and each morning check up every pyrometer in the works with the standard, making the necessary corrections to be used for the day's work. By pursuing this course systematically, the improved quality of the product will much more than compensate for the extra work. The purity of the substance affects its freezing or melting point. The melting point of common salt is given in one widely used handbook at 1,421 deg.F., although chemically pure sodium chloride melts at 1,474 deg.F. as shown above. A sufficient quantity for an extended period should be secured. Test the melting point with a pyrometer of known accuracy. Knowing this temperature it will be easy to calibrate other pyrometers. Next: Placing Of Pyrometers Previous: Calibration Of Pyrometer With Common Salt
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