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   Home - Steel Making - Categories - Manufacturing and the Economy of Machinery

Steel Making

Placing Of Pyrometers
When installing a pyrometer, care should be taken that it re...

Typical Oil-fired Furnaces
Several types of standard oil-fired furnaces are shown herew...

Carbon-steel Forgings
Low-stressed, carbon-steel forgings include such parts as car...

Annealing
There is no mystery or secret about the proper annealing of d...

Effects Of Proper Annealing
Proper annealing of low-carbon steels causes a complete solu...

S A E Heat Treatments
The Society of Automotive Engineers have adopted certain heat...

Annealing Work
With the exception of several of the higher types of alloy s...

Carburizing Material
The simplest carburizing substance is charcoal. It is also th...

Quenching Tool Steel
To secure proper hardness, the cooling of quenching of steel ...

Introduction Of Carbon
The matter to which these notes are primarily directed is the...

Annealing
ANNEALING can be done by heating to temperatures ranging from...

The Theory Of Tempering
Steel that has been hardened is generally harder and more br...

Piston Pin
The piston pin on an aviation engine must possess maximum res...

Phosphorus
Phosphorus is one of the impurities in steel, and it has been...

Double Annealing
Water annealing consists in heating the piece, allowing it to...

Heat Treatment Of Punches And Dies Shears Taps Etc
HEATING.--The degree to which tools of the above classes shou...

Liberty Motor Connecting Rods
The requirements for materials for the Liberty motor connecti...

A Chromium-cobalt Steel
The Latrobe Steel Company make a high-speed steel without tun...

Blending The Compound
Essentially, this consists of the sturdy, power-driven separa...

Chromium
Chromium when alloyed with steel, has the characteristic func...



Fatigue Tests






Category: COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF STEEL

It has been known for fifty years that a beam or rod would fail
at a relatively low stress if only repeated often enough. It has
been found, however, that each material possesses a limiting stress,
or endurance limit, within which it is safe, no matter how often
the loading occurs. That limiting stress for all steels so far
investigated causes fracture below 10 million reversals. In other
words, a steel which will not break before 10,000,000 reversals
can confidently be expected to endure 100,000,000, and doubtless
into the billions.

About the only way to test one piece such a large number of times
is to fashion it into a beam, load it, and then turn the beam in
its supports. Thus the stress in the outer fibers of the bar varies
from a maximum stretch through zero to a maximum compression, and
back again. A simple machine of this sort is shown in Fig. 10,
where B and E are bearings, A the test piece, turned slightly
down in the center, C and D ball bearings supporting a load
W. K is a pulley for driving the machine and N is a counter.





Next: Hardness Testing
Previous: Impact Tests


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