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Steel MakingHeatingAlthough it is possible to work steels cold, to an extent de... Affinity Of Nickel Steel For Carbon The carbon- and nickel-steel gears are carburized separately... Liberty Motor Connecting Rods The requirements for materials for the Liberty motor connecti... Alloying Elements Commercial steels of even the simplest types are therefore p... Carburizing By Gas The process of carburizing by gas, briefly mentioned on page ... William Kelly's Air-boiling Process An account of Bessemer's address to the British Association w... Effect Of A Small Amount Of Copper In Medium-carbon Steel This shows the result of tests by C. R. Hayward and A. B. Joh... Steel For Chisels And Punches The highest grades of carbon or tempering steels are to be re... The Forging Of Steel So much depends upon the forging of steel that this operation... Corrosion This steel like any other steel when distorted by cold worki... Tempering Round Dies A number of circular dies of carbon tool steel for use in too... Rate Of Absorption According to Guillet, the absorption of carbon is favored by ... Heat Treatment Of Steel Heat treatment consists in heating and cooling metal at defin... The Pyrometer And Its Use In the heat treatment of steel, it has become absolutely nece... Calibration Of Pyrometer With Common Salt An easy and convenient method for standardization and one whi... Preventing Carburizing By Copper-plating Copper-plating has been found effective and must have a thick... The Effect The heating at 1,600 deg.F. gives the first heat treatment w... The Modern Hardening Room A hardening room of today means a very different place from ... Heat-treating Department The heat-treating department occupies an L-shaped building. ... Hardening High-speed Steels We will now take up the matter of hardening high-speed steels... |
Heat Treatment Of AxlesCategory: APPLICATION OF LIBERTY ENGINE MATERIALS TO THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY Parts of this general type should be heat-treated to show the following minimum physical properties: Elastic limit, 115,000 lb. per square inch; elongation in 2 in., 16 per cent; reduction of area, 50 per cent; Brinell hardness, 277 to 321. The heat treatment used to secure these physical properties consists in quenching from a temperature of from 1,520 to 1,540 deg.F. in water and tempering at a temperature of from 975 to 1,025 deg.F. Where the axle shaft is a forging, and in the case of steering knuckles and arms, this heat treatment should be preceded by normalizing the forgings at a temperature of from 1,550 to 1,600 deg.F. It will be noted that these physical properties correspond to those worked out for an ideal aviation engine crankshaft. If parts of this type are designed with proper sections, so that this range of physical properties can be used, the part in question will give maximum service. One of the most important developments during the Liberty engine program was the fact that it is not necessary to use a high-analysis alloy steel to secure a finished part which will give proper service. This fact should save the automotive industry millions of dollars on future production. If the proper authority be given the metallurgical engineer to govern the handling of the steel from the time it is purchased until it is assembled into finished product, mild-analysis steels can be used and the quality of the finished product guaranteed. It was only through the careful adherence to these fundamental principles that it was possible to produce 20,000 Liberty engines, which are considered to be the most highly stressed mechanism ever produced, without the failure of a single engine from defective material or heat treatment. Next: Making Steel Balls Previous: Composition Of Transmission-gear Steel
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