| Make sure it is night when you do this spell. Also, light one orange and one pink candle. Close your eyes. (You Must Have complete focus and be concentrating on the spell, ONLY.) Fill your mind with the color your eyes are. Picture that for abo... Read more of Spell to change eye color at White Magic.ca |  InformationalPrivacy |
Steel MakingThe Modern Hardening RoomA hardening room of today means a very different place from ... Heat-treating Department The heat-treating department occupies an L-shaped building. ... Rate Of Cooling At the option of the manufacturer, the above treatment of gea... Hints For Tool Steel Users Do not hesitate to ask for information from the maker as to t... Leeds And Northrup Optical Pyrometer The principles of this very popular method of measuring tempe... A Satisfactory Luting Mixture A mixture of fireclay and sand will be found very satisfactor... Oil-hardening Steel Heat slowly and uniformly to 1,450 deg.F. and forge thorough... Effects Of Proper Annealing Proper annealing of low-carbon steels causes a complete solu... Preparing Parts For Local Case-hardening At the works of the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company, ... William Kelly's Air-boiling Process An account of Bessemer's address to the British Association w... Typical Oil-fired Furnaces Several types of standard oil-fired furnaces are shown herew... Hardening The forgings can be hardened by cooling in still air or quen... Hardening Steel is hardened by quenching from above the upper critical.... Heat Treatment Of Axles Parts of this general type should be heat-treated to show the... Nickel-chromium A combination of the characteristics of nickel and the charac... Heat Treatment Of Punches And Dies Shears Taps Etc HEATING.--The degree to which tools of the above classes shou... Sulphur SULPHUR is another element (symbol S) which is always found i... Conclusions Martien was probably never a serious contender for the honor ... High-chromium Or Rust-proof Steel High-chromium, or what is called stainless steel containing f... Annealing Work With the exception of several of the higher types of alloy s... |
For Milling Cutters And Formed ToolsCategory: HIGH-SPEED STEEL FORGING.--Forge as before.--ANNEALING.--Place the steel in a pipe, box or muffle. Arrange the steel so as to allow at least 1 in. of packing, consisting of dry powder ashes, powdered charcoal, mica, etc., between the pieces and the walls of the box or pipe. If using a pipe close the ends. Heat slowly and uniformly to a cherry red, 1,375 to 1,450 deg.F. according to size. Hold the steel at this temperature until the heat has thoroughly saturated through the metal, then allow the muffle box and tools to cool very slowly in a dying furnace or remove the muffle with its charge and bury in hot ashes or lime. The slower the cooling the softer the steel. The heating requires from 2 to 10 hr. depending upon the size of the piece. HARDENING AND TEMPERING.--It is preferable to use two furnaces when hardening milling cutters and special shape tools. One furnace should be maintained at a uniform temperature from 1,375 to 1,450 deg.F. while the other should be maintained at about 2,250 deg.F. Keep the tool to be hardened in the low temperature furnace until the tool has attained the full heat of this furnace. A short time should be allowed so as to be assured that the center of the tool is as hot as the outside. Then quickly remove the tool from this preheating furnace to the full heat furnace. Keep the tool in this furnace only as long as is necessary for the tool to attain the full temperature of this furnace. Then quickly remove and quench in oil or in a dry air blast. Remove before the tool is entirely cold and draw the temper in an oil bath by raising the temperature of the oil to from 500 to 750 deg.F. and allow this tool to remain, at this temperature, in the bath for at least 30 min., insuring uniformity of temper; then cool in the bath, atmosphere or oil. If higher drawing temperatures are desired than those possible with oil, a salt bath can be used. A very excellent bath is made by mixing two parts by weight of crude potassium nitrate and three parts crude sodium nitrate. These will melt at about 450 deg.F. and can be used up to 1,000 deg.F. Before heating the steel in the salt bath, slowly preheat, preferably in oil. Reheating the hardened high-speed steel to 1,000 deg.F. will materially increase the life of lathe tools, but milling and form cutters, taps, dies, etc., should not be reheated higher than 500 to 650 deg.F., unless extreme hardness is required, when 1,100 to 1,000 deg.F., will give the hardest edge. Next: Instructions For Working High-speed Steel Previous: Lathe And Planer Tools
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