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Steel MakingComplete Calibration Of PyrometersFor the complete calibration of a thermo-couple of unknown e... The Effect The heating at 1,600 deg.F. gives the first heat treatment w... Introduction Of Carbon The matter to which these notes are primarily directed is the... Silicon SILICON is a very widespread element (symbol Si), being an es... Piston Pin The piston pin on an aviation engine must possess maximum res... Annealing In Bone Steel and cast iron may both be annealed in granulated bone. ... Liberty Motor Connecting Rods The requirements for materials for the Liberty motor connecti... Restoring Overheated Steel The effect of heat treatment on overheated steel is shown gra... Heating Of Manganese Steel Another form of heat-treating furnace is that which is used ... Correction For Cold-junction Errors The voltage generated by a thermo-couple of an electric pyrom... Critical Points One of the most important means of investigating the properti... Heat Treatment Of Gear Blanks This section is based on a paper read before the American Gea... Carburizing Low-carbon Sleeves Low-carbon sleeves are carburized and pushed on malleable-ir... High-carbon Machinery Steel The carbon content of this steel is above 30 points and is ha... Sulphur SULPHUR is another element (symbol S) which is always found i... Non-shrinking Oil-hardening Steels Certain steels have a very low rate of expansion and contract... Heat-treating Equipment And Methods For Mass Production The heat-treating department of the Brown-Lipe-Chapin Company... Properties Of Steel Steels are known by certain tests. Early tests were more or l... Knowing What Takes Place How are we to know if we have given a piece of steel the ver... Application Of Liberty Engine Materials To The Automotive Industry The success of the Liberty engine program was an engineer... |
Open Hearth ProcessCategory: STEEL MAKING The open hearth furnace consists of a big brick room with a low arched roof. It is charged with pig iron and scrap through doors in the side walls. Through openings at one end of the furnace come hot air and gas, which burn in the furnace, producing sufficient heat to melt the charge and refine it of its impurities. Lime and other nonmetallic substances are put in the furnace. These melt, forming a slag which floats on the metal and aids materially in the refining operations. In the bessemer process air is forced through the metal. In the open-hearth furnace the metal is protected from the flaming gases by a slag covering. Therefore it is reasonable to suppose that the final product will not contain so much gas. A diagram of a modern regenerative furnace is shown in Fig. 3. Air and gas enter the hearth through chambers loosely packed with hot fire brick, burn, and exit to the chimney through another pair of chambers, giving to them some of the heat which would otherwise waste. The direction is reversed about every twenty minutes by changing the position of the dampers. Next: Crucible Steel Previous: Bessemer Process
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