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Steel Making

Carbon Tool Steel
Heat to a bright red, about 1,500 to 1,550 deg.F. Do not ham...

Properties Of Steel
Steels are known by certain tests. Early tests were more or l...

Hardening Carbon Steel For Tools
For years the toolmaker had full sway in regard to make of st...

Application Of Liberty Engine Materials To The Automotive Industry
The success of the Liberty engine program was an engineer...

Placing Of Pyrometers
When installing a pyrometer, care should be taken that it re...

Flange Shields For Furnaces
Such portable flame shields as the one illustrated in Fig. 1...

Making Steel Balls
Steel balls are made from rods or coils according to size, st...

Introduction Of Carbon
The matter to which these notes are primarily directed is the...

Standard Analysis
The selection of a standard analysis by the manufacturer is t...

Highly Stressed Parts
The highly stressed parts on the Liberty engine consisted of ...

Calibration Of Pyrometer With Common Salt
An easy and convenient method for standardization and one whi...

Judging The Heat Of Steel
While the use of a pyrometer is of course the only way to hav...

Ebbw Vale And The Bessemer Process
After his British Association address in August 1856, Besseme...

William Kelly's Air-boiling Process
An account of Bessemer's address to the British Association w...

Surface Carburizing
Carburizing, commonly called case-hardening, is the art of pr...

Carburizing Low-carbon Sleeves
Low-carbon sleeves are carburized and pushed on malleable-ir...

Heat Treatment Of Axles
Parts of this general type should be heat-treated to show the...

Take Time For Hardening
Uneven heating and poor quenching has caused loss of many ve...

Pickling The Forgings
The forgings were then pickled in a hot solution of either ni...

Temperature For Annealing
Theoretically, annealing should be accomplished at a tempera...



Properties Of Steel






Category: COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF STEEL

Steels are known by certain tests. Early tests were more or less
crude, and depended upon the ability of the workman to judge the
grain exhibited by a freshly broken piece of steel. The cold-bend
test was also very useful--a small bar was bent flat upon itself,
and the stretched fibers examined for any sign of break. Harder
stiff steels were supported at the ends and the amount of central
load they would support before fracture, or the amount of permanent
set they would acquire at a given load noted. Files were also used
to test the hardness of very hard steel.

These tests are still used to a considerable extent, especially in
works where the progress of an operation can be kept under close
watch in this way, the product being periodically examined by more
precise methods. The chief furnace-man, or melter, in a steel
plant, judges the course of the refining process by casting small
test ingots from time to time, breaking them and examining the
fracture. Cutlery manufacturers use the bend test to judge the
temper of blades. File testing of case-hardened parts is very common.

However there is need of standardized methods which depend less
upon the individual skill of the operator, and which will yield
results comparable to others made by different men at different
places and on different steels. Hence has grown up the art of testing
materials.





Next: Tensile Properties
Previous: Alloying Elements




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