| The Moon's energy is most intense when she reaches abundant fullness. Any magical effort, especially difficult ones, can benefit greatly from the potency of this phase. Use the full Moon to amplify magical intent and to giv... Read more of FULL MOON SPELL at White Magic.ca |  InformationalPrivacy |
Steel MakingHardeningThe forgings can be hardened by cooling in still air or quen... Robert Mushet Robert (Forester) Mushet (1811-1891), born in the Forest of D... Annealing There is no mystery or secret about the proper annealing of d... Heating Although it is possible to work steels cold, to an extent de... Sulphur Sulphur is another impurity and high sulphur is even a greate... Non-shrinking Oil-hardening Steels Certain steels have a very low rate of expansion and contract... Carburizing By Gas The process of carburizing by gas, briefly mentioned on page ... Corrosion This steel like any other steel when distorted by cold worki... Gears The material used for all gears on the Liberty engine was sel... Quenching Tool Steel To secure proper hardness, the cooling of quenching of steel ... Highly Stressed Parts The highly stressed parts on the Liberty engine consisted of ... Rate Of Cooling At the option of the manufacturer, the above treatment of gea... Composition And Properties Of Steel It is a remarkable fact that one can look through a dozen tex... Preventing Carburizing By Copper-plating Copper-plating has been found effective and must have a thick... Gas Consumption For Carburizing Although the advantages offered by the gas-fired furnace for ... Instructions For Working High-speed Steel Owing to the wide variations in the composition of high-speed... Optical System And Electrical Circuit Of The Leeds & Northrup Optical Pyrometer For extremely high temperature, the optical pyrometer is lar... Steel Worked In Austenitic State As a general rule steel should be worked when it is in the a... Drop Forging Dies The kind of steel used in the die of course influences the he... Effects Of Proper Annealing Proper annealing of low-carbon steels causes a complete solu... |
Bessemer ProcessCategory: STEEL MAKING The bessemer process consists of charging molten pig iron into a huge, brick-lined pot called the bessemer converter, and then in blowing a current of air through holes in the bottom of the vessel into the liquid metal. The air blast burns the white hot metal, and the temperature increases. The action is exactly similar to what happens in a fire box under forced draft. And in both cases some parts of the material burn easier and more quickly than others. Thus it is that some of the impurities in the pig iron--including the carbon--burn first, and if the blast is shut off when they are gone but little of the iron is destroyed. Unfortunately sulphur, one of the most dangerous impurities, is not expelled in the process. A bessemer converter is shown in Fig. 1, while Fig. 2 shows the details of its construction. This shows how the air blast is forced in from one side, through the trunnion, and up through the metal. Where the steel is finished the converter is tilted, or swung on its trunnions, the blast turned off, and the steel poured out of the top. Next: Open Hearth Process
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