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Steel MakingSteel Worked In Austenitic StateAs a general rule steel should be worked when it is in the a... Liberty Motor Connecting Rods The requirements for materials for the Liberty motor connecti... High-carbon Machinery Steel The carbon content of this steel is above 30 points and is ha... Carburizing Low-carbon Sleeves Low-carbon sleeves are carburized and pushed on malleable-ir... Hardening Operation Hardening a gear is accomplished as follows: The gear is tak... Suggestions For Handling High-speed Steels The following suggestions for handling high-speed steels are ... Cyanide Bath For Tool Steels All high-carbon tool steels are heated in a cyanide bath. Wi... Composition Of Transmission-gear Steel If the nickel content of this steel is eliminated, and the pe... Annealing To Relieve Internal Stresses Work quenched from a high temperature and not afterward tempe... Composition And Properties Of Steel It is a remarkable fact that one can look through a dozen tex... Carbon In Tool Steel Carbon tool steel, or tool steel as it is commonly called, us... Case-hardening Treatments For Various Steels Plain water, salt water and linseed oil are the three most co... The Effect The heating at 1,600 deg.F. gives the first heat treatment w... Silicon SILICON is a very widespread element (symbol Si), being an es... Annealing Of High-speed Steel For annealing high-speed steel, some makers recommend using g... Hardening High-speed Steels We will now take up the matter of hardening high-speed steels... Protectors For Thermo-couples Thermo-couples must be protected from the danger of mechanica... Lathe And Planer Tools FORGING.--Gently warm the steel to remove any chill, is parti... Drop Forging Dies The kind of steel used in the die of course influences the he... Hints For Tool Steel Users Do not hesitate to ask for information from the maker as to t... |
Application To The Automotive IndustryCategory: APPLICATION OF LIBERTY ENGINE MATERIALS TO THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY The information given on the various parts of the Liberty engine applies with equal force to the corresponding parts in the construction of an automobile, truck or tractor. We recommend as first choice for carbon-steel screw-machine parts material produced by the basic open hearth process and having the following chemical composition; Carbon, 0.150 to 0.250 per cent; manganese, 0.500 to 0.800 per cent; phosphorus, 0.045 maximum per cent; sulphur, 0.075 to 0.150 per cent. This material is very uniform and is nearly as free cutting as bessemer screw stock. It is sufficiently uniform to be used for unimportant carburized parts, as well as for non-heat-treated screw-machine parts. A number of the large automobile manufacturers are now specifying this material in preference to the regular bessemer grades. As second choice for carbon-steel screw-machine parts we recommend ordinary bessemer screw stock, purchased in accordance with S. A. E. specification No. 1114. The advantage of using No. 1114 steel lies in the fact that the majority of warehouses carry standard sizes of this material in stock at all times. The disadvantage of using this material is due to its lack of uniformity. The important criterion for transmission gears is resistance to wear. To secure proper resistance to wear a Brinell hardness of from 512 to 560 must be obtained. The material selected to obtain this hardness should be one which can be made most nearly uniform, will undergo forging operations the easiest, will be the hardest to overheat or burn, will machine best and will respond to a good commercial range of heat treatment. It is a well-known fact that the element chromium, when in the form of chromium carbide in alloy steel, offers the greatest resistance to wear of any combination yet developed. It is also a well-known fact that the element nickel in steel gives excellent shock-resisting properties as well as resistance to wear but not nearly as great a resistance to wear as chromium. It has been standard practice for a number of years for many manufacturers to use a high nickel-chromium steel for transmission gears. A typical nickel-chromium gear specification is as follows: Carbon, 0.470 to 0.520 per cent; manganese, 0.500 to 0.800 per cent; phosphorus, 0.040 maximum per cent; sulphur, 0.045 maximum per cent; chromium, 0.700 to 0.950 per cent. There is no question but that a gear made from material of such an analysis will give excellent service. However, it is possible to obtain the same quality of service and at the same time appreciably reduce the cost of the finished part. The gear steel specified is of the air-hardening type. It is extremely sensitive to secondary pipe, as well as seams, and is extremely difficult to forge and very easy to overheat. The heat-treatment range is very wide, but the danger from quenching cracks is very great. In regard to the machineability, this material is the hardest to machine of any alloy steel known. Next: Composition Of Transmission-gear Steel Previous: Piston Pin
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