| Just as humans have power points, the earth also has areas where energy varies. These are called power spots. Places like Stonehenge, and the Valley of the Dead are examples of power spots. Just as human beings have areas w... Read more of POWER SPOTS at White Magic.ca |  Informational.caPrivacy |
Steel MakingComposition And Properties Of SteelIt is a remarkable fact that one can look through a dozen tex... Shrinking And Enlarging Work Steel can be shrunk or enlarged by proper heating and cooling... The Theory Of Tempering Steel that has been hardened is generally harder and more br... Properties Of Alloy Steels The following table shows the percentages of carbon, manganes... Classifications Of Steel Among makers and sellers, carbon tool-steels are classed by g... Correction By Zero Adjustment Many pyrometers are supplied with a zero adjuster, by means ... Steel Before The 1850's In spite of a rapid increase in the use of machines and the ... Alloying Elements Commercial steels of even the simplest types are therefore p... Carbon Tool Steel Heat to a bright red, about 1,500 to 1,550 deg.F. Do not ham... Introduction Of Carbon The matter to which these notes are primarily directed is the... Heat-treating Department The heat-treating department occupies an L-shaped building. ... Manganese Manganese adds considerably to the tensile strength of steel,... Leeds And Northrup Optical Pyrometer The principles of this very popular method of measuring tempe... Separating The Work From The Compound During the pulling of the heat, the pots are dumped upon a ca... Heat Treatment Of Milling Cutters Drills Reamers Etc THE FIRE.--Gas and electric furnaces designed for high heats ... Ebbw Vale And The Bessemer Process After his British Association address in August 1856, Besseme... The Penetration Of Carbon Carburized mild steel is used to a great extent in the manufa... Case-hardening Treatments For Various Steels Plain water, salt water and linseed oil are the three most co... Surface Carburizing Carburizing, commonly called case-hardening, is the art of pr... Brown Automatic Signaling Pyrometer In large heat-treating plants it has been customary to mainta... |
Classifications Of SteelCategory: COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF STEEL Among makers and sellers, carbon tool-steels are classed by grade and temper. The word grade is qualified by many adjectives of more or less cryptic meaning, but in general they aim to denote the process and care with which the steel is made. Temper of a steel refers to the carbon content. This should preferably be noted by points, as just explained; but unfortunately, a 53-point steel (containing 0.53 per cent carbon) may locally be called something like No. 3 temper. A widely used method of classifying steels was originated by the Society of Automotive Engineers. Each specification is represented by a number of 4 digits, the first figure indicating the class, the second figure the approximate percentage of predominant alloying element, and the last two the average carbon content in points. Plain carbon steels are class 1, nickel steels are class 2, nickel-chromium steels are class 3, chromium steels are class 5, chromium-vanadium steels are class 6, and silico-manganese steels are class 9. Thus by this system, steel 2340 would be a 3 per cent nickel steel with 0.40 per cent carbon; or steel 1025 would be a 0.25 plain carbon steel. Steel makers have no uniform classification for the various kinds of steel or steels used for different purposes. The following list shows the names used by some of the well-known makers: Air-hardening steel Chrome-vanadium steel Alloy steel Circular saw plates Automobile steel Coal auger steel Awl steel Coal mining pick or cutter steel Axe and hatchet steel Coal wedge steel Band knife steel Cone steel Band saw steel Crucible cast steel Butcher saw steel Crucible machinery steel Chisel steel Cutlery steel Chrome-nickel steel Drawing die steel (Wortle) Drill rod steel Patent, bush or hammer steel Facing and welding steel Pick steel Fork steel Pivot steel Gin saw steel Plane bit steel Granite wedge steel Quarry steel Gun barrel steel Razor steel Hack saw steel Roll turning steel High-speed tool steel Saw steel Hot-rolled sheet steel Scythe steel Lathe spindle steel Shear knife steel Lawn mower knife steel Silico-manganese steel Machine knife steel Spindle steel Magnet steel Spring steel Mining drill steel Tool holder steel Nail die shapes Vanadium tool steel Nickel-chrome steel Vanadium-chrome steel Paper knife steel Wortle steel Passing to the tonnage specifications, the following table from Tiemann's excellent pocket book on Iron and Steel, will give an approximate idea of the ordinary designations now in use: Approximate Grades carbon range Common uses Extra soft 0.08-0.18 Pipe, chain and other welding purposes; (dead soft) case-hardening purposes; rivets; pressing and stamping purposes. Structural (soft) 0.15-0.25 Structural plates, shapes and bars for (medium) bridges, buildings, cars, locomotives; boiler (flange) steel; drop forgings; bolts. Medium 0.20-0.35 Structural purposes (ships); shafting; automobile parts; drop forgings. Medium hard 0.35-0.60 Locomotive and similar large forgings; car axles; rails. Hard 0.60-0.85 Wrought steel wheels for steam and electric railway service; locomotive tires; rails; tools, such as sledges, hammers, pick points, crowbars, etc. Spring 0.85-1.05 Automobile and other vehicle springs; tools, such as hot and cold chisels, rock drills and shear blades. Spring 0.90-1.15 Railway springs; general machine shop tools. Next: Composition And Properties Of Steel Previous: The Electric Process
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