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Steel MakingChromiumChromium when alloyed with steel, has the characteristic func... The Electric Process The fourth method of manufacturing steel is by the electric f... Case-hardening Treatments For Various Steels Plain water, salt water and linseed oil are the three most co... Cutting-off Steel From Bar To cut a piece from an annealed bar, cut off with a hack saw,... Crankshaft The crankshaft was the most highly stressed part of the entir... Phosphorus Phosphorus is one of the impurities in steel, and it has been... Annealing Method Forgings which are too hard to machine are put in pots with ... Annealing Alloy Steel The term alloy steel, from the steel maker's point of view, r... Manganese Manganese adds considerably to the tensile strength of steel,... Pickling The Forgings The forgings were then pickled in a hot solution of either ni... Uses Of The Various Tempers Of Carbon Tool Steel DIE TEMPER.--No. 3: All kinds of dies for deep stamping, pres... The Penetration Of Carbon Carburized mild steel is used to a great extent in the manufa... Heat Treatment Of Gear Blanks This section is based on a paper read before the American Gea... Silicon Silicon prevents, to a large extent, defects such as gas bubb... Carbon-steel Forgings Low-stressed, carbon-steel forgings include such parts as car... Gas Consumption For Carburizing Although the advantages offered by the gas-fired furnace for ... Lathe And Planer Tools TO FORGE.--Gently warm the steel to remove any chill is parti... Furnace Data In order to give definite information concerning furnaces, fu... Using Illuminating Gas The choice of a carburizing furnace depends greatly on the fa... The Packing Department In Fig. 56 is shown the packing pots where the work is packe... |
Testing And Inspection Of Heat TreatmentCategory: HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL The hard parts of the gear must be so hard that a new mill file does not bite in the least. Having passed this file test at several points, the gears go to the center-punch test. The inspector is equipped with a wooden trough secured to the top of the bench to support the gear, a number of center punches (made of 3/4-in. hex-steel having points sharpened to an angle of 120 deg.) and a hammer weighing about 4 oz. With these simple tools, supplemented by his skill, the inspector can feel the depth and quality of the case and the condition of the core. The gears are each tested in this way at several points on the teeth and elsewhere, the scrap gear being also subjected to the test. Finally, the scrap gear is securely clamped in the straightening press shown in Fig. 57. With a 3-1/2-lb. hammer and a suitable hollow-ended drift manipulated by one of Sandow's understudies, teeth are broken out of the scrap gear at various points. These give a record confirming the center-punch tests, which, if the angle of the center punch is kept at 120 deg. and the weight of the hammer and blow are uniform, is very accurate. After passing the center-punch test the ends of the teeth are peened lightly with a hammer. If they are too hard, small particles fly off. Such gears are drawn in oil at a temperature of from 300 to 350 deg.F., depending on their hardness. Some builders prefer to have the extreme outer ends of the teeth drawn somewhat lower than the rest. This drawing is done on gas-heated red-hot plates, as shown at A in Fig. 58. Nickel steel, in addition to all the tests given to carbon steel, is subjected to a Brinell test. For each steel, the temperature and the period of treatment are specific. For some unknown reason, apparently like material with like treatment will, in isolated cases, not produce like results. It then remains for the treatment to be repeated or modified, but the results obtained during inspection form a valuable aid to the metallurgist in determining further treatment. Next: Temperature Recording And Regulation Previous: Affinity Of Nickel Steel For Carbon
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