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Steel MakingLiberty Motor Connecting RodsThe requirements for materials for the Liberty motor connecti... Quenching It is considered good practice to quench alloy steels from th... Gears The material used for all gears on the Liberty engine was sel... Drop Forging Dies The kind of steel used in the die of course influences the he... The Effect The heating at 1,600 deg.F. gives the first heat treatment w... The Quenching Tank The quenching tank is an important feature of apparatus in c... Hardening Steel is hardened by quenching from above the upper critical.... Heating Of Manganese Steel Another form of heat-treating furnace is that which is used ... Hints For Tool Steel Users Do not hesitate to ask for information from the maker as to t... Optical System And Electrical Circuit Of The Leeds & Northrup Optical Pyrometer For extremely high temperature, the optical pyrometer is lar... High-chromium Or Rust-proof Steel High-chromium, or what is called stainless steel containing f... Pyrometers Armor plate makers sometimes use the copper ball or Siemens' ... Short Method Of Treatment In the new method, the packed pots are run into the case-har... Fatigue Tests It has been known for fifty years that a beam or rod would fa... Carburizing Material The simplest carburizing substance is charcoal. It is also th... Hardening High-speed Steels We will now take up the matter of hardening high-speed steels... Surface Carburizing Carburizing, commonly called case-hardening, is the art of pr... Annealing Of High-speed Steel For annealing high-speed steel, some makers recommend using g... Robert Mushet Robert (Forester) Mushet (1811-1891), born in the Forest of D... Placing Of Pyrometers When installing a pyrometer, care should be taken that it re... |
VanadiumCategory: ALLOYS AND THEIR EFFECT UPON STEEL Vanadium has a very marked effect upon alloy steels rich in chromium, carbon, or manganese. Vanadium itself, when combined with steel very low in carbon, is not so noticeably beneficial as in the same carbon steel higher in manganese, but if a small quantity of chromium is added, then the vanadium has a very marked effect in increasing the impact strength of the alloy. It would seem that vanadium has the effect of intensifying the action of chromium and manganese, or that vanadium is intensified by the action of chromium or manganese. Vanadium has the peculiar property of readily entering into solution with ferrite. If vanadium contained is considerable it also combines with the carbon, forming carbides. The ductility of carbon-vanadium steels is therefore increased, likewise the ductility of chrome-vanadium steels. The full effect of vanadium is not felt unless the temperatures to which the steel is heated for hardening are raised considerably. It is therefore necessary that a certain amount of soaking takes place, so as to get the necessary equalization. This is true of all alloys which contain complex carbides, i.e., compounds of carbon, iron and one or more elements. Chrome-vanadium steels also are highly favored for case hardening. When used under alternating stresses it appears to have superior endurance. It would appear that the intensification of the properties due to chromium and manganese in the alloy steel accounts for this peculiar phenomenon. Vanadium is also a very excellent scavenger for either removing the harmful gases, or causing them to enter into solution with the metal in such a way as to largely obviate their harmful effects. Chrome-vanadium steels have been claimed, by many steel manufacturers and users, to be preferable to nickel-chrome steels. While not wishing to pass judgment on this, it should be borne in mind that the chrome-vanadium steel, which is tested, is generally compared with a very low nickel-chromium alloy steel (the price factor entering into the situation), but equally good results can be obtained by nickel-chromium steels of suitable analysis. Where price is the leading factor, there are many cases where a stronger steel can be obtained from the chrome and vanadium than the nickel-chrome. It will be safe to say that each of these two systems of alloys have their own particular fields and chrome-vanadium steel should not be regarded as the sole solution for all problems, neither should nickel-chromium. Next: Manganese Previous: Nickel-chromium
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