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Steel Making

The Electric Process
The fourth method of manufacturing steel is by the electric f...

Oil-hardening Steel
Heat slowly and uniformly to 1,450 deg.F. and forge thorough...

Non-shrinking Oil-hardening Steels
Certain steels have a very low rate of expansion and contract...

Quenching Tool Steel
To secure proper hardness, the cooling of quenching of steel ...

Crucible Steel
Crucible steel is still made by melting material in a clay or...

Hardening
The forgings can be hardened by cooling in still air or quen...

Open Hearth Process
The open hearth furnace consists of a big brick room with a l...

Hardening Operation
Hardening a gear is accomplished as follows: The gear is tak...

Hardening Carbon Steel For Tools
For years the toolmaker had full sway in regard to make of st...

Judging The Heat Of Steel
While the use of a pyrometer is of course the only way to hav...

High Speed Steel
For centuries the secret art of making tool steel was handed ...

Annealing
ANNEALING can be done by heating to temperatures ranging from...

Phosphorus
PHOSPHORUS is an element (symbol P) which enters the metal fr...

Manganese
MANGANESE is a metal much like iron. Its chemical symbol is M...

Correction By Zero Adjustment
Many pyrometers are supplied with a zero adjuster, by means ...

Protective Screens For Furnaces
Workmen needlessly exposed to the flames, heat and glare from...

Chromium
Chromium when alloyed with steel, has the characteristic func...

Air-hardening Steels
These steels are recommended for boring, turning and planing...

Calibration Of Pyrometer With Common Salt
An easy and convenient method for standardization and one whi...

Compensating Leads
By the use of compensating leads, formed of the same materia...



Temperature For Annealing






Category: HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL

Theoretically, annealing should be
accomplished at a temperature at just slightly above the critical
point. However, in practice the temperature is raised to a higher
point in order to allow for the solution of the carbon and iron to
be produced more rapidly, as the time required to produce complete
solution is reduced as the temperature increases past the critical
point.

For annealing the simpler types of low-carbon steels the following
temperatures have been found to produce uniform machining conditions
on account of producing uniform fine-grain pearlite structure:

0.15 to 0.25 per cent carbon, straight carbon steel.--Heat to 1,650 deg.F.
Hold at this temperature until the work is uniformly heated; pull
from the furnace and cool in air.

0.15 to 0.25 per cent carbon, 1-1/2 per cent nickel, 1/2 per cent
chromium steel.--Heat to 1,600 deg.F. Hold at this temperature until
the work is uniformly heated; pull from the furnace and cool in air.

0.15 to 0.25 per cent carbon, 3-1/2 per cent nickel steel.--Heat
to 1,575 deg.F. Hold at this temperature until the work is uniformly
heated; pull from the furnace and cool in air.





Next: Care In Annealing
Previous: Effects Of Proper Annealing




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