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Steel MakingTool Or Crucible SteelCrucible steel can be annealed either in muffled furnace or b... Manganese Manganese adds considerably to the tensile strength of steel,... Placing The Thermo-couples The following illustrations from the Taylor Instrument Compan... Oil-hardening Steel Heat slowly and uniformly to 1,450 deg.F. and forge thorough... Complete Calibration Of Pyrometers For the complete calibration of a thermo-couple of unknown e... Application To The Automotive Industry The information given on the various parts of the Liberty eng... Blending The Compound Essentially, this consists of the sturdy, power-driven separa... Introduction Of Carbon The matter to which these notes are primarily directed is the... High-chromium Or Rust-proof Steel High-chromium, or what is called stainless steel containing f... Refining The Grain This is remedied by reheating the piece to a temperature slig... Instructions For Working High-speed Steel Owing to the wide variations in the composition of high-speed... Tungsten Tungsten, as an alloy in steel, has been known and used for a... Heat Treatment Of Gear Blanks This section is based on a paper read before the American Gea... Ebbw Vale And The Bessemer Process After his British Association address in August 1856, Besseme... Corrosion This steel like any other steel when distorted by cold worki... Annealing ANNEALING can be done by heating to temperatures ranging from... Heat-treating Equipment And Methods For Mass Production The heat-treating department of the Brown-Lipe-Chapin Company... Properties Of Steel Steels are known by certain tests. Early tests were more or l... Heat-treating Department The heat-treating department occupies an L-shaped building. ... Mushet And Bessemer That Mushet was "used" by Ebbw Vale against Bessemer is, perh... |
Standard AnalysisCategory: HIGH-SPEED STEEL The selection of a standard analysis by the manufacturer is the result of a series of compromises between various properties imparted to the steel by the addition of different elements and there is a wide range of chemical analyses of various brands. The steel, to be within the range of generally accepted analysis, should contain over 16 per cent and under 20 per cent tungsten; if of lower tungsten content it should carry proportionately more chromium and vanadium. The combined action of tungsten and chromium in steel gives to it the remarkable property of maintaining its cutting edge at relatively high temperature. This property is commonly spoken of as red-hardness. The percentages of tungsten and chromium present should bear a definite relationship to each other. Chromium imparts to steel a hardening property similar to that given by carbon, although to a less degree. The hardness imparted to steel by chromium is accompanied by brittleness. The chromium content should be between 3.5 and 5 per cent. Vanadium was first introduced in high-speed steel as a scavenger, thereby producing a more homogeneous product, of greater density and physical strength. It soon became evident that vanadium used in larger quantities than necessary as a scavenger imparted to the steel a much greater cutting efficiency. Recently, no less an authority than Prof. J. O. Arnold, of the University of Sheffield, England, stated that high-speed steels containing vanadium have a mean efficiency of 108.9, as against a mean efficiency of 61.9 obtained from those without vanadium content. A wide range of vanadium content in steel, from 0.5 to 1.5 per cent, is permissible. An ideal analysis for high-speed steel containing 18 per cent tungsten is a chromium content of approximately 3.85 per cent; vanadium, 0.85 to 1.10 per cent, and carbon, between 0.62 and 0.77 per cent. Next: Detrimental Elements Previous: High Speed Steel
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